Duane Couchot-Vore
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2022 Sep 15

The Computer I Never Built

There lurks in the lab the ghost of a mainframe

Duane Couchot-Vore

Content:

I'm sure I was ahead of most second-graders when it came to understanding computers. I was an early reader, and one day when Dad took me to the Cincinnati library, I came back with a book on them. Analog computers were still a thing then, but those made less sense to me than Greek, probably because I hadn't yet been exposed to logarithms, integrals, and Laplace transforms. Digital computers, on the other hand, were just logic, and that I understood. Half adders, shift registers, and instruction sets made perfect sense to me. Those were the days when having a computer in your home was judged just as practical as having a cyclotron, but that didn't stop me from wanting one. Several times during my youth, I attempted to design one. (I sort of wanted a cyclotron, too.)

Then came the day when I was at Radio Shack, my second home, whereupon I found a keyboard. Not a USB keyboard, nor even a PS/2 keyboard, as those did not yet exist. Just a keyboard. A set of switches laid out like a typewriter with letters on the top and switch connections on the bottom. That seemed like the perfect starting point for the ultimate computer. I bent a piece of aluminum into a mounting plate at a comfortable typing angle and mounted the keyboard on top. Beneath that was a roughly 10x15 cm piece of Vectorboard loaded with TTL, a 1702 EEPROM, and whatever else I needed to make it all work. At the end of that project I could type on it and have it spit out ASCII over an RS-232 interface.

Next, I needed a monitor. A larger piece of Vectorboard and even more TTL, lots of it organized as a complex synchronous counter to generate television timing pulses and to scan the ram and character generator EEPROM. I scrounged a 9" monochrome monitor from Mendelson's, which was the go-to place for electronics surplus in Dayton in those days. I suspect it was intended as a monitor for a CCTV security system, but I wasn't interested in one of those. I doubt that I implemented all the control codes because those would have to have been done in hardware, but I had the essentials and some way to position the cursor. The details are long forgotten. At that point, I could type on the keyboard and have it show up on the monitor. Not very useful yet, but fun to show people.

Block diagram of the Am2901 from the datasheet

Then came the big boy. Armed with a stack of 9"-by-12" breadboards and and handful each of AMD Am2901s and some 64x4 RAMs, I started building. I learned later that the Am2901-family bit-slice components formed the basis of several mainframe computers, so I was on the right track. That particular segment would be the ALU board. I planned a microprogram control board, a hardware multiply board, a memory access board, and I had dreams at least of a floating-point unit. What worried the most was memory. Semiconductor memory existed, but it was expensive, and I didn't look forward to wiring up thousands of ferrite cores. An array of 64 by 64 cores would be 4096 bits, and 32 of those would still only be 16kB. I didn't even have a plan to thread cores; it sounded worse than crocheting. But I steamed ahead anyway, supposing a memory solution would present itself along with the forward march of technology. The computer was to have some innovative features such as a hardware random number generator based on quantum noise, and special registers to speed up loops. I can't remember what all.

Unfortunately, I wasn't the engineering staff of DEC or IBM. I was just me, working in my spare time aside from the lab that paid my salary. And that, indirectly, was what stopped me. Not that it would take a long time or that the design would be complex. It was the arrival of Intel 80286. In the blink of an eye, the world had gone from 8 bits at 3MHz to 16 bits at 12Mhz. It became suddenly obvious that before I could finish my machine, there would be 32-bit microprocessors surpassing my planned 20Mhz by a significant margin.

So my home-built mainframe was dead. Alas! It's one of the skills of an engineer to know when something is impractical. To continue was just impractical. But at least I had some fun and could type on a monitor. Unfortunately, I didn't keep anything very long and never took any pictures. I was bad about that.

But my prediction came true. The National 32032 soon made its appearance, and then I was in love with that. Almost everything I had planned to do in the size of a postage stamp, and with a lot less effort on my part.




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